![]() Optimistic rollups are a type of rollup that ‘optimistically’ assumes all transactions in the rollup are valid. The lessons learned will be synthesized in the protocol's next major milestone: what we’re referring to for now as ‘OP 1.0’. We've picked up a ton from our time spent designing, building, and operating an optimistic rollup. The special sauce to Optimism’s scaling methodology is in its name: it uses a technique called optimistic rollups, whereby multiple transactions are ‘rolled up’ into one transaction, settled on another blockchain, with receipts fed back to the main Ethereum blockchain. Optimism speeds up Ethereum transactions and cuts their costs by settling them on another blockchain using advanced data compression techniques. While the Ethereum fraternity waits for the roll-out of planned upgrades to the network that will address these issues, scaling solutions have emerged to make Ethereum transactions faster and cheaper. It uses optimistic rollups to process transactions in batches, reducing gas fees.Įthereum has grown to become the second largest cryptocurrency by market capitalization, thanks largely to its support for smart contracts-which underpins a growing ecosystem of decentralized applications ( dapps) and decentralized finance ( DeFi) platforms.īut it suffers from a problem: it’s slow and expensive to use, thanks to persistently high transaction fees.Optimism is an scaling solution for the Ethereum blockchain.
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![]() You might think to yourself that no one has really reminded you that the transmission fluid in your car needs changing anytime soon. However, with the design of an automatic transmission, the fluid itself doesn’t need to be changed too often in normal circumstances. Therefore, from the operation of a gearbox, it can be observed that the condition of a transmission fluid must be optimal for shifts to be carried out smoothly. With this, different gear sets can be engaged to shift into different gears. A mechanically driven transmission oil pump keeps the oil constantly pressurized.īy changing how the solenoids are activated, the flow of the fluid within the valve body alters to pressurize different sets of clutch packs. The transmission control unit controls the flow of the transmission fluid using the valve body and the transmission solenoids. The purpose of the transmission fluid is simple, it’s used as a medium to transfer hydraulic pressure from one end to another. Without transmission fluid, or if there’s too much of it, your transmission won’t be able to function normally. Imagine it as the blood flowing through our bodies. ![]() However, before that, there is something that many workshops will recommend you to carry out first – replacing your transmission fluid.Īrguably, within an automatic transmission, the single most important thing is the transmission fluid. Therefore, it is important that you recognize the signs of a transmission-related issue and consult a workshop when possible. Nowadays though, automatic transmissions are built up of countless intricate electrical parts, something going wrong can end up with you left stranded. Everything was purely mechanical so there wasn’t much that can go wrong. Maybe your automatic transmission would develop slight jerks upon shifting, but nothing especially concerning. These transmissions would last thousands of miles mostly trouble-free. Even automatic transmissions back then were mostly brake-band units that were durable, to say the least. That said, transmission-related problems weren’t always such a major point of consideration for car buyers.īack a few decades when manual transmissions were prevalent, they were the go-to choice for many as the choice for work vehicles. Before that happens, it’s worth looking into how much does a transmission fluid change cost.Īlong with the increasingly complex architecture of modern transmissions, transmission reliability is now a top concern for many new car owners. It takes a long time for an engine demonstrating signs of problems to fail catastrophically, but it doesn’t take long for a seemingly minor shift issue to completely cripple a car and leave you stranded. ![]() Transmission issues are one of the many things that a car owner dreads. Depending on which plan you choose, WW costs approximately $23–$50 per month, though the company frequently offers monthly discounts to new customers. WW offers three plans, all of which provide access to the WW app. Most importantly, no foods are off-limits.īased on the results of an online quiz, customers receive a daily PersonalPoints allotment and a customized list of zero-point foods. WW uses a points system in which foods and drinks are assigned point values based on their nutrient content and calorie density. WW, formerly known as Weight Watchers, is a well-known weight loss program that has been shown to be effective for weight loss ( 4, 5). Noom costs $59 per month or $199 per year. Because calorie counting can increase the risk of disordered eating in some people, Noom may not be the right fit for everyone ( 2, 3). However, keep in mind that Noom is still a calorie-counting tool. ![]() One study in more than 500 adults found that food and exercise logging, along with coaching, through Noom was more effective for weight loss over 6 months than food logging or personalized coaching alone ( 1). Noom’s effectiveness is also supported by research. ![]() Also, Noom coach training is not as rigorous as that of a: Of note: The coaching feature works more like email than a live chat, so coaches may take a day or two to get back to you. Noom coaches can provide accountability and help users set realistic weekly goals to keep them on track. One of the key features of Noom is virtual health coaching. other important indicators of health, such as blood sugar levels.The Noom app allows users to track food intake using a database that includes more than 3.5 million foods. While the initial calorie recommendation tends to be low, you can adjust it to a more appropriate and realistic number. It also factors in your current weight, height, sex, and weight loss goals. The app assigns a daily calorie budget based on answers to lifestyle- and health-related questions. Noom is a popular weight loss app that helps users lose weight by making sustainable lifestyle changes. There’s also a free 7-day trial for new members. While the app typically costs $13 per month, Healthline readers can access PlateJoy for $5 per month. What’s more, the app’s digital pantry lets you keep track of ingredients you already have on hand. The app also integrates with several grocery delivery services, allowing you to order your groceries online. You can replace recipes on the meal plan with others and can even enter your own recipes into the app to keep everything in one place. Using your responses from a brief questionnaire, the app creates a custom meal plan for you each week, including a curated grocery list. It also allows you to filter out ingredients that you prefer to avoid and offers the option to set different portion sizes for each person in your household. It’s one of the most customizable meal planning apps, allowing you to set goals, such as weight loss, and even choose from several dietary patterns, like: PlateJoy is a meal-planning app designed by dietitians. ![]() The ESPixelStick also has an awesome testing feature and is incredibly useful for quickly testing a new string of pixels. Each controller can drive up to 4 universes worth of pixels (~170*4=680 pixels), though it only has a single output and thus those pixels must all be wired serially. ![]() The controllers have a web interface that makes it very easy to configure them to set the type and number of pixels, the color ordering, etc. Part of the input you give during the flashing process is the identity and password of your wireless network. The software library download comes along with a program to send the software to the device and it is relatively easy to use if you follow the instructions. The esp8266 is a 3.3V logic chip so you need a 3.3V converter and not a 5V version or you risk damaging the module. There are a bunch of these for sale online but I use one I got from Sparkfun right here in Colorado. There are instructions at the guy’s website for how to do this (and probably linked from the Amazon page as well) and all it requires is a USB->Serial converter. Honestly, the hardest part of using these modules is flashing the software onto them and all in all that is pretty easy. These controllers are driven by an esp8266-01 wifi module (the same type we used in our earlier wifi-ication of our RGB wash lights). An astute observer will notice that this particular controller is being back-fed power from the pixels rather than having power originate at the controller. ![]() The design and code is open source so you can technically build your own but it would be hard to match the same product quality for much less money. These are made by a guy at and are available assembled on Amazon for US$20 each. For these elements, we use wireless pixel controllers called the ESPixelStick. Several lighting elements in our show are not easily reachable via wire from the attic where our main e682 pixel controller lives. ![]() Of course, you need to have both jsesh.jar and jseshGlyphs.jar in your classpath. The classication is used in dictionaries such as Middle Egyptian Dictionary. For instance, you might use JSesh as a library in a web application. The reason I'm mentioning this: Unicode transcription is fairly recent, and most transcribed texts will still be in JSesh (.gly) format, which uses a classification notation system called Manuel De Codage (MDC). ![]() There's also Hieroglyphic texts from Egyptian stelae, etcĪs for transcribed texts, consider that there were mainly two word processors used in the last decades to transcribe hieroglyphs: JSesh and Winglyph (the latter seems to be discontinued). The largest collection I know of is the Digitized Collections of Ancient Egyptian Source Texts They even made fun of the fact Wallis Budge's books are still in print in the old movie Stargate!!! But there are tons of excellent resources to study it.Īnd forget anything written by Wallis Budge. Egyptian is a tough language, very tough, its writing system a pain. Saint Andrew Corpus the text in hieroglyphs with the transliteration and the traduction, best way to learnĪs you can see, resources are PLENTY.Annoting Egyptian texts Very nice resource with photos and the text in font translation (easier to read) JSesh 7.5.Projet Rosette, a French site, but you do not care, it is written in English with plenty of texts.The Pyramid text online That is the tomb of Unis (they spelled Unas due to the Egyptian i which is often spelled a), with plenty of photos, and English translation.Any of Wallis Budge's books, his one on hieroglyphs or his old translations. That book is miserably good.įriendly warning: While they are still widely used by internauts, FORGET Wallis Budge books. Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs One of the best book I ever read on any language.How to read Egyptian Hieroglyphs, a step by step guide A simple approach but help if you do not have a teacher next to you.Also, notice you can learn with them Classical Egyptian, with tackling a little bit from your side, old Kingdom stuff, but Ptolemaic writing will be barely accessible, the one in hieroglyphics, I mean here. ![]() NB: The texts and resources I am quoting here and purely in hieroglyphics, you will not find here hieratic (the "cursive form" of hieroglyphs) or demotic. Here is a compilation of various resources to learn ancient classical Egyptian (aka Middle Egyptian) and a selection of various corpus to read. ![]() While using the Burp Suite as a proxy, we will need to configure the proxy to make it active and working or else, it will not log and show the URLs and data that is sent or received from the web server. It will ensure that all the traffic that passes to the target web application will go through a SOCKS proxy instead of your public IP.įor configuring it, you will need to navigate to the User Options tab located in section 1 as defined before, then choose its sub-tab named Connection, then scroll down to the third section labeled as SOCKS Proxy and enter the details of your SOCKS Proxy there. Sometimes it is necessary, depending on the scope of your engagement, that you may need to tunnel your Burp Suite proxy traffic through an outbound SOCKS Proxy. Advisory – The section where the Issues are explained in detail how they affect, where they are affecting, their severity, and how to remediate them.Issues – The section to view the vulnerability and other application functionality issues regarding the website by selecting the specific website from the Sitemap view.Request/Response Details – The HTTP requests and responses can be read in detail as a result of this selecting the specific request from the Request Queue.Requests Queue – Shows the requests being made to the URLs present in the Sitemap View. ![]() Sitemap View – Displays the sitemap which gets updated by visiting the websites manually or through spidering the websites using the Burp Proxy.Tool & Options Tabs – Select between the options and tools to perform different types of operations according to the situation. ![]() The main interface of Burp Suite which you will get right after starting the application is divided into six sections and multiple panels to work with: The features and their usage In this Burp Suite tutorial I will be covering are the following: The community edition also comes pre-installed with Kali Linux. More details regarding the differences between the versions can be found here. How to hack Web Login Passwords with Burp Suite ![]() Robert Koch, through his work with anthrax and tuberculosis, demonstrated that particular diseases were the result of the presence of specific microorganisms within the body, and so strongly reinforced the work of Louis Pasteur and the idea of asepsis. Although this was effective, he failed to recognise the importance of asepsis at the time. He would sterilize the operating theatre and surgical tools with phenol, and even soak bandages in the substance before dressing wounds. Antisepsis or asepsis?Īntiseptic surgery was largely pioneered by Joseph Lister in the 1860s, when he used phenol (known at the time as carbolic acid) as a disinfectant. It was found that a majority of deaths at these hospitals were entirely preventable through aseptic techniques, and the changes she implemented saved many lives during this period. Similarly, having noted the poor condition of hospitals where soldiers were placed during the Crimean war, Florence Nightingale collected extensive data regarding the number and cause of death of these soldiers over a two year period. The number of deaths due to infection on these maternity wards dropped dramatically following the implementation of this rule. ![]() He introduced hand washing procedures on these wards. In the 1840s, the Hungarian surgeon Ignaz Semmelweis noted that on maternity wards where doctors who also worked in other areas of the hospital were present, the mortality rates were significantly higher than on those wards that were operated by midwives only. Researchers find a way to block anaphylaxis caused by peanut allergies.Maternal and perinatal outcomes of women infected with SARS-CoV-2 during the Omicron wave in Italy.Genes encoding T cell receptors vary greatly between persons and populations, study reveals. We are back after a break for September (and a bit of October) and we are talking about barriers to entry. Tabletop Game Designers Australia on the web, on Facebook and on Patreon ![]() Hand of Fate: Ordeals from Defiant Development and Rule & Make Sinner: Sacrifice for Redemption, from Dark Star and Another Indie (In the Snowy) Winter's Wake, from Cheeseness Override Function by Art of Escapism is licensed under a Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0) We went to PAX Australia 2017 to check out the latest and greatest indie videogames and happenings in local boardgames design. Siuil, a Run: The Girl from the Other Side In our roundup: Aaron read Siuil, a Run: The Girl from the Other Side, The Ancient Magus' Bride, and Goldie Vance, and played Secrets and Crossfire Evan's been playing Destiny 2, Wolfenstein 2: The New Colossus, and Blue Reflection Dan has been playing Super Mario Odyssey, watching Stranger Things 2, Punisher, Victoria and Thor: Ragnarok, and played Monument Valley 2. This one's about post-apocalyptic fiction and games, and enjoying the end. Here are some episodes we recorded at the end of 2017 though. It's been a while! We took a long time between episodes as Aaron has been away, and getting back into editing after a month+ not doing so just made things worse. I was pretty tired out from doing the podcast, and the long breaks due to various issues certainly didn't help but listening to the end of this one, with the reflection on the year gone by has made me kinda hopeful for getting back into it. We've made it to episode 150 now, and it's taken us 5 years to get here. This is really, really, really late, but I still wanted to get this out because it's been stuck in the backlog for so long. It's also focused on stuff we first encountered in 2017, not necessarily stuff that came out in 2017. So hey we recorded this in December before we got to a bunch of cool stuff that came out after that. 2) by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a CC Attribution 3.0. You can also find us on Twitter as and Theme for Harold (var. ![]() We mention and talk about Overcooked 2, Slay the Spire, On Happiness Road, The Breaker Upperers, Octopath Traveler, Voltron: Legendary Defender, LEGO Voltron, Technobabylon, Thor: Ragnarok, Titanic, the 3rd Mobile Suit Gundam Movie, Street Fighter 30th Anniversary Collection, Mega Man X Legacy Collection 1 & 2, Wash Day, Sweet Blue Flowers, Bao and The Incredibles 2, To All The Boys I've Loved Before, Cockblockers, Taiko no Tatsujin, and Behind The Screen.įeel free to send us any feedback at You can also follow us on Twitter as and and on Facebook and Google+. We chat about stuff we've played or seen recently, retro gaming on PCs, and media that we use to relax and take a break from the maddening world. Our second podcast of 2018 appears in the 9th month of the year. ![]() The vertebral arteries arise from the subclavian arteries. The right and left posterior cerebral arteries arise from the basilar artery, which is formed by the left and right vertebral arteries. The Anterior Cerebral Artery forms the anterolateral portion of the Circle of Willis, while the Middle Cerebral Artery does not contribute to the Circle. The Posterior Communicating Artery is given off as a branch of the Internal Carotid Artery just before it divides into its terminal branches - the Anterior and Middle Cerebral Arteries. The left and right internal carotid arteries arise from the right and left common carotid arteries. the posterior aspect of the circle of Willis and one of its feeding vessels. ![]() In subclavian steal syndrome, which results from a proximal stenosis (narrowing) of the subclavian artery (a vessel that is supplied by the same vessel (the Aorta) that eventually feeds the circle of Willis via the Common carotid artery), blood is "stolen" from the circle of Willis to preserve blood flow to the upper limb.Ĭerebral angiogram showing a transverse projection of the vertebro basilar and posterior cerebral circulation, i.e. The redundancies that the circle of Willis introduce can also lead to reduced cerebral perfusion. Subclavian steal and the circle of Willis In another variation the anterior communicating artery is a large vessel, such that a single internal carotid supplies both anterior cerebral arteries. In one common variation the proximal part of the posterior cerebral artery is narrow and its ipsilateral posterior communicating artery is large, so the internal carotid artery supplies the posterior cerebrum. The "textbook version" of the circle, based on a series of 1413 brains, is only seen in 34.5% of cases. Anatomic variationĬonsiderable anatomic variation exists in the circle of Willis. If one part of the circle becomes blocked or narrowed ( stenosed) or one of the arteries supplying the circle is blocked or narrowed, blood flow from the other blood vessels can often preserve the cerebral perfusion well enough to avoid the symptoms of ischemia. The arrangement of the brain's arteries into the Circle of Willis creates redundancies in the cerebral circulation. The basilar artery and middle cerebral arteries, though they supply the brain, are not considered part of the circle. Posterior communicating artery (left and right).Posterior cerebral artery (left and right).Internal carotid artery (left and right).Anterior cerebral artery (left and right).It is named after Thomas Willis (1621-1673), an English physician. The circle of Willis (also called the cerebral arterial circle or arterial circle of Willis) is a circle of arteries that supply blood to the brain. ![]() List of terms related to Circle of WillisĮditor-In-Chief: C. ![]() Risk calculators and risk factors for Circle of WillisĬauses & Risk Factors for Circle of Willis US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Circle of Willisĭirections to Hospitals Treating Circle of Willis Ongoing Trials on Circle of Willis at Clinical Ĭlinical Trials on Circle of Willis at Google Articles on Circle of Willis in N Eng J Med, Lancet, BMJĬochrane Collaboration on Circle of Willis The oil companies say they do not want to move. The proposed settlement will not deter a campaign by local homeowners and officials to try to close the Fairfax City tank farm where Star and three other oil companies dispense 40 percent of the region's petroleum products. Other homeowners are considering a lawsuit. Star settled a lawsuit with dozens of homeowners last fall, agreeing to buy their houses and compensate some for medical costs, pain and suffering. Star expects to spend $100 million on the cleanup effort, supervised by the U.S. The company estimates that 172,000 gallons leaked underground, polluting storm sewers and back yards and forcing four families from their homes. It comes nearly 2 1/2 years after contamination traced to Star's Fairfax City storage facility turned up in a creek. The settlement proposal, negotiated by six sets of lawyers during the last two months, would not require the companies to admit any wrongdoing, state officials said. The companies also agreed to pay the costs, now unknown, for long-term state and local studies of the leak's potential effects on the health of residents, another neighborhood concern. The wells are not contaminated, but residents fear they might become so. The proposal also calls for Star Enterprise and its two owners, Texaco and Saudi Refining Inc., to pay $800,000 to hook up public water lines to 100 Mantua neighborhood houses that now depend on well water. If the board rejects the settlement, which won cautious praise from local officials yesterday, it could file suit against the oil company. ![]() The penalty would be the largest ever levied on a company by the state Water Control Board, which is scheduled to vote on the proposed settlement March 15 after receiving public comment. A Texaco affiliate agreed yesterday to pay a $2.75 million fine to the State of Virginia to settle charges that tens of thousands of gallons of oil from its storage facility polluted a Fairfax County neighborhood. |
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